The decision of the Italian military authorities to adopt radial engines meant that, during the second half of the 1930s, the Italian aeronautical industry failed to develop more powerful engines based on streamlined liquid-cooled designs. [45][46] However, 12 C.202s and probably another 12 were delivered to the Croatian Air Force Legion for operational use against the RAF and USAAF over Croatia in mid-1944, all ex-LW fighters. "Via da Korba, con ogni mezzo" (in Italian). The Breda fired 12.7x81 mm "Vickers" ammunition — while its cartridges were longer than the 13 x 64 mm rounds of its German rough equivalent, the MG 131, the 81 mm Italian rounds were still shorter than the standard 12.7x99 mm rounds of the American "Ma Deuce"; with the result that the energy at the muzzle was 10,000 joules vs. 16,000. MODELER. [14] The performance figures gathered during these tests indicated that Italy had caught up with both Britain and Germany in the field of fighter airplanes. At least one was destroyed and the two crewmen wounded after crash-landing on a beach near Reggio Calabria. At the time, the most powerful reliable Italian inline engine was the 715 kW (960 hp) Isotta Fraschini Asso XI R.C.40, which was designed in 1936. Hasegawa 1/48 Italian Air Force Macchi C.202 Forugore plastic model JT32 HAJT32. Photographer: Karsten Palt, flugzeuginfo.net, Germany. While waiting for domestic production of the engine by Alfa Romeo to ramp up, Aeronautica Macchi decided to import a single DB 601Aa engine; this was initially performed as a private venture without any state support. During May 1942, the Macchis of 51° Stormo and 23° Gruppo (3° Stormo) also arrived. In March 1943, the Corpo Aereo Italiano was detached to Odessa airbase joining Reggiane Re. A second training / operational conversion squadron was also formed, designated 3./(Kroat. Aviation Photo #1335504 Macchi MC-202 Folgore - Italy - Air Force [ Medium Large] Tweet. Foto hochgeladen: 2016-03-03 Nachricht an Fotografen senden: … The wing and fuselage structures were of a conventional metal design, having a single vertical tail with two elevators, and a wing of relatively conventional design with two main spars and 23 ribs. This fairing was shaped into an inverted 'T' which enabled the pilot to have a reasonable field of view to the rear. After the Italian armistice, several MC.202 fighters also saw service with the Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force on the Allied side, and some were converted to MC.205 standard. composed of 356ª, 382ª, 361ª and 386ª Squadriglia. The Macchi C.202 Folgore (Italian "thunderbolt") was an Italian fighter aircraft developed and manufactured by Macchi Aeronautica. The C.202 was a development of the earlier C.200 Saetta, with an Italian built version of the Daimler-Benz DB 601Aa engine and with a redesigned, more streamlined fuselage. [42], After the abandonment of advanced airfields between December 1942 - January 1943 at Voroshilovgrad, Stalino and Tscerkow, the Italian air units operated in defensive actions against a more potent Soviet air offensive, mainly using Ilyushin IL-2s Shturmoviks and Petlyakov Pe-2s. "The Macchi-Castoldi Series". [8] This forced Macchi Aeronautica to rely on the ageing Fiat A.74 radial engine for its C.200 fighter. ", This page was last edited on 2 January 2021, at 10:53. [74] At the end of the summer, those C.202s that were still in a flight-worthy condition, based in Borovo, were used by Croatian cadets for training purposes. Fotograf: Karsten Palt, flugzeuginfo.net, Deutschland. In particular this photo shows the MC.202 “Black 1” of the Croatian ace capt. JGr 1 and retained their Luftwaffe markings whilst in service with the unit. upload date: 2016-03-03 Send message to photographer: … [12] Jettisonable tanks, containing either 22 or 33 gallons of fuel, could be installed upon some of the later built aircraft. The clean aerodynamics offered by the inline engine permitted dive speeds high enough for pilots to encounter the then-unknown phenomenon of compressibility. Fighter manufacturers were invited to enter versions of their designs using this engine as the caccia della serie 5 ("series-5 fighter") and were provided with imported DB 605s for prototype use. with three squadrons of C.202s at Sfax and Gammarth in the northern sector, and in the southern sector, 3°Stormo with six squadrons of C.200s and C.202s at El Hamma. [17] The C.202 was lightly armed by the standards of the time carrying the same armament as the C.R.32, a 1933 design. During January, eight brand-new Folgore fighters arrived at Zagreb's Lucko airfield. [9] Nevertheless, by late 1942, Folgores outnumbered all other fighter aircraft in the Regia Aeronautica. [1], Like its predecessor C.200, the C.202 had relatively few modifications, with only 116 modifications during its career, most of them invisible, externally. [72][74] Irrespective of the Croatian Air Force Legion having been disbanded at the end of July, after which it was replaced by the Croatian Air Force Group (HZS), the fighters themselves remained at Borovo. They were transferred from Italy one month before and recently relocated from El Merduma because this airbase was too exposed to SAS attacks but this did not help them. Did the Croatian airforce have Macchi 202s or is this just an invention like the Swiss aircrafts?There is no official picture of a Croatian aircraft,o [35] The Macchis often encountered Spitfires, with losses on both sides. Condition: Used. [21], Australian air ace Clive Caldwell felt the Folgore would have been superior to the Messerschmitt Bf 109 had it been better armed. 6752 Report post; Posted February 11, 2014 (edited) Back to the MC202 (we can continue the discussion of P-39 engine ratings in private if you like). The complexity of the structure was not well suited to mass production, and resulted in a limited production rate compared to the Bf 109E/F (usually rated at 4,500-6,000 man-hours) while the Macchi needed 22,000 or more. The Royal Egyptian Air Force ordered a total of 42 C.205s, but 31 were re-engined Folgores (C.202s) armed with only two 12.7 mm Breda machine guns. The Breda design was as heavy as the Browning M2, the model from which it was derived. Click to learn more OK. Macchi C.202 Folgore 3rd Edition. composed of 356ma, 382ma, 361ma and 386ma Squadriglia. On 7 March 1942, the carrier USS Wasp delivered the first Spitfires to Malta, and the Axis' air-superiority started to shift in favour of the Allies. This expanded 3rd edition contains: scale plans, photos and drawings from Technical Manuals, superb color illustrations of camouflage and markings, and rare b&w archive photographs. [42] The 4º Stormo flew its last mission on Malta on 19 May before moving back to North Africa. Feb 23, 2015 - One of very few know photos of a Croatian Air Force’s Macchi MC.202. During the Tunisian operation the Regia Aeronautica lost a total of 22 C.202s in the air and 47 on the ground. During July 1939, the Regia Aeronautica requested that Reggiane construct a single prototype Re.2000 that was powered by a German Daimler-Benz DB 601Aa, liquid-cooled supercharged inverted V-12 engine rated at 1,175 PS (1,159 hp, 864 kW); this became the Re.2001. Current bid: US $2.99. Because of the adverse weather conditions, very few sorties were carried out. An early Macchi C.202 (no radio mast) of 81ª Squadriglia, 6° Gruppo, 1° Stormo CT. As the war progressed, the Italians, like all other combatants, set out to improve and augment their air forces. Other defects, like the unreliability of the radio sets and of the oxygen systems, and the limited armament, could not be addressed with such ease. ISBN 9788365958891. SCALE & KIT. 2001; but, by employing both mass production techniques and less expensive advanced technologies, the production cost was slightly less than that of the Reggiane Re.2001, (525,000 lires vs 600,000); this latter, the only other DB 601 fighter in mass production, was slower and heavier (2.460/3.240 kg) [13] but had a bigger wing and a more advanced and adaptable structure. La Luftwaffe acquistò dall'aeronautica italiana dodici "Folgore" che girò al 1º Gruppo Caccia della Legione Croata, seguiti da un ulteriore fornitura non documentata. During April 1942 the 4° Stormo solved the frequent problems to the oxygen masks by adopting the German Dräger "oxygen apparatus" that already equipped the Bf 109s. [37] C.202s were also involved in Operation Harpoon, clashing with Sea Hurricanes. [8] The C.202 also had its defects: like its predecessor, the C.200, it could enter a dangerous spin. The decision of the Italian military authorities to adopt radial engines meant that, during the second half of the 1930s, the Italian aeronautical industry failed to develop more powerful engines based on streamlined liquid-cooled designs. Article by Swallow Navy. The C.202 was a development of the earlier C.200 Saetta, … Later on, the Spitfire and Mustang were broadly superior, but not by such a margin that a Folgore pilot couldn’t confidently engage them. The C.202 had a better time on the home front, where supplies were more plentiful and units had more time to prepare and familiarise themselves with the type. Although deployed in mid-1941, the C.202 did not see action until later that fall, because of the many defects of the first machines. Data from The Macchi C.202[88] The Complete Book of Fighters[89], Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era, Sgarlato Nico, Folgore Monography Feb 2008, Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia, List of Regia Aeronautica aircraft used in World War II, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. [9] The main coolant radiator was housed in a rectangular fairing under the fuselage beneath the cockpit, and the oil cooler was placed under the nose within a streamlined, rectangular housing. [7], Following its initial flights, the prototype was flown to the Regia Aeronautica's main test airfield at Guidonia, where it reportedly met with an enthusiastic response from test pilots. The support for the engine, originally steel, was replaced with a lighter aluminium structure.[82]. Kro, at Pleso, May 1944. [51] During its initial combats over the Western Desert, the Folgore was quite a surprise to British pilots and it remained a respected adversary. During its initial combats over the Western Desert, the Folgore was quite a surprise to British pilots and it remained a respected adversary.[38]. The first units selected to be equipped with the C.202 Series I were the 17° and 6° Gruppi, from 1° Stormo, based at the airfield of Campoformido, near Udine, and the 9° Gruppo of 4° Stormo, based in Gorizia. The ZNDH lacked sufficient strength to oppose these Allied intruders, until interceptor units of the Hrvatska Zrakoplovna Legija (Croatian Air Force Legion) were formed with Luftwaffe assistance on December 23. The amount produced was actually 1,106 and not 1,220 as previous stated. Sgarlato Nico. Series … [54], During 1942, Bf 109F/Gs and Macchi C.202s fought against the Allied air forces in North Africa. Macchi aircraft designed by Mario Castoldi received the "C" letter in their model designation, hence the Folgore is referred to as the MC.202. In May 1942, the 22° Gruppo Caccia, that had reached its operational limit, was replaced by the newly formed 21° Gruppo Autonomo C.T. As the war progressed, the Italians, like all other combatants, set out to improve and augment their air forces. [21], The main coolant radiator was housed in a rectangular fairing under the fuselage beneath the cockpit, and the oil cooler was placed under the nose within a streamlined, rectangular housing. Almost gone. 1/72 Cobalt Co50 Valkyrie (Amodel 72372) C $32.92. Macchi aircraft designed by Mario Castoldi received the "C" letter in their model designation, hence the Folgore is referred to as the MC.202. ". After the war, two examples served as trainers in Lecce until 1947. Macchi C.202 Folgore Regia Aeronautica (Italian Air Force 1935-1943) 351 Sqn., 155 Gruppo, 51 Stormo CT 2-351 Reticolo (Nocciola over Verde Mimetico) Macchi C.202 Folgore Serie I Regia Aeronautica (Italian Air Force 1935-1943) 71 Sqn., 1 Stormo 71-10 1941 World War 2 - CIAMPINO; Macchi C.202 Folgore Serie II Regia Aeronautica (Italian Air Force 1935-1943) 363 Sqn., 150 … [25] The C.202 was lightly armed by the standards of the time carrying the same armament as the C.R.32, a 1933 design. C $9.50. Macchi C.202 is similar to these aircraft: Macchi C.200, Fiat CR.42, Macchi C.205 and more. This, coupled with the 32 Cant Z.1007s, was one of the most powerful fighter forces that the Italians fielded in the war, and comprised almost a 10th of the overall Folgore production. The fuselage housed the main armament and the Alfa Romeo RA.1000 R.C.41-I Monsone engine which drove a Piaggio P1001 three-blade, variable-pitch, constant speed propeller. The surviving aircraft were operated by the Aeronautica Militare Italiana, where they were used as trainer aircraft as late as 1948 before being phased out entirely. [12] During January 1940, formal design work on the new fighter commenced and, shortly thereafter, construction began on a single prototype of the design. Sgarlato, Nico. Their performance had also suffered due to the lack of radar, which the RAF were making extensive use of to successfully vector their fighters against their aerial opposition. In 1941, seeking to further improve the performance of the C.202 fighter, the Regia Aeronautica decided to licence-build the German DB 605 1,100 kW (1,475 hp) liquid-cooled supercharged inverted V-12 engine in Italy, which Fiat produced as the RA.1050 R.C.58 Tifone (Typhoon). Ingegner Mario Castoldi, the designer of the 202 questioned whether Reiner had properly flown the test. Others … Indeed, the aircraft retained the basic design lines of its progenitor but added the powerful German Dimler-Benz DB 605 series engine to the mix, producing an excellent Italian fighter of World War 2. The Folgore was put into production using imported DB 601Aa engines, while Alfa Romeo set up production of the engine under license as the RA.1000 R.C.41-I Monsone (Monsoon). [47], During 1944, the Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia, Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske (ZNDH), received several batches of Macchi C.202s. [28][page needed], The empty weight of the new C.202 (approximately 2,350 kg/5,180 lb) gradually increased throughout production, and due to the thickness of metal used it was also comparatively heavy, yet this class of aircraft was still considered lightweight compared to other contemporary fighter designs. Il Macchi C.205V (C dal cognome del progettista, ingegner Mario Castoldi e V come Veltro, il nome assegnato) fu un aereo da caccia monomotore monoplano ad ala bassa interamente metallico, realizzato nella prima metà degli anni quaranta dall'azienda italiana Aeronautica Macchi.. Evoluzione del Macchi C.202 Folgore di cui conservava inalterata gran parte della … The definitive aircraft in the C.202 family became the C.205 but only 66 of these improved types would become available by the time of the Italian surrender and only six of these were in active service with the Italian Air Force at the time. Authors Przemysław Skulski. [11] [32] Although first deployed in mid-1941, the C.202 did not see action until later that autumn; this delay came as a consequence of the many defects that were discovered upon the first fighter deliveries. The C.202 was a development of the earlier C.200 Saetta, powered by an Italian-built version of the German Daimler-Benz DB 601Aa engine and featuring a redesigned fuselage for greater streamlining.[3][4]. The 205 housed a more powerful Alfa-Romeo built Daimler engine, the DB 605. [73] During 1944, the Croatian Air Force Legion (HZL) fighter squadron had returned to Croatia from service on the Eastern Front. In addition to North Africa, the aircraft saw limited service on the Eastern Front where between 1941 and 1943, together with C.200s, they achieved an 88 to 15 victory/loss ratio. Malizia, Nicola. Winchester, Jim. The square-sectioned supercharger air intake was replaced by an elongated round sectioned fairing, which was later redesigned to incorporate a dust filter. Winchester, Jim. The 4° Stormo returned to Sicily at the beginning of April 1942, with 10º Gruppo, to Castelvetrano. A synchronizing unit allowed the nose guns to fire through the propeller disk, but with a 25% loss in ROF (Rate of Fire). [21] It was significantly streamlined over the preceding C.200 to increase performance by reducing the parasitic drag encountered.
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